Doctors, Teachers, And Parents Observe The Development

Doctors, teachers, and parents observe the development of their child or several children. Some professions address one area more than others, but all areas of development effect each other. I will be analyzing Sophia, a 3-year, 7 month old child. Sophia participates in dance class and attends daycare. She has one younger sister, who is 9 months old, and married parents. Sophia began waling at 12 months old. According to the article, â€Å"Baby Milestone: Walking,† by the Baby Center, babies typically begin walking between 9 and 12 months (1). Sophia was at the end of the typical timing. This could be due to a lack of motivation because she was an only child, so she did not have an older sibling to motivate her to explore her environment and†¦show more content†¦Next, Sophia exhibits memories quite often. For example, Sophia and I were playing with the dolls, Elsa and Ana, from the movie, â€Å"Frozen,† I was Ana and she was Elsa. Sophia asked, â€Å"What happ ened to your hair?† I responded by saying, â€Å"I don’t know, can you tell me?† She explained it was because she (Elsa) struck me (Ana) with magic and made part of it white, which is exactly what happened. This behavior shows a surfeit of cognitive development. First, Sophia is in the preoperational stage of Piaget’s theory. According to, â€Å"Preoperational Stage,† by Saul McLeod, Sophia is pretend playing and using animism because she is giving an inanimate object, human like characteristics (17). Sophia is also using centration by only focusing on one aspect of the doll, which is the white streak of hair (Bukatko 282). If she did not have the ability to use centration, she would have mentioned the white streak, but also have mentioned another aspect of the doll, such as her dress. These are all characteristics of the preoperational stage. Sophia has also demonstrated her growing attention span. A 3 year olds attention span should be approximately 8.17 seconds (â€Å"The Last† 49). A few months ago, she could not sit down and read an entire book. Recently, I read two books to Sophia and she sat quietly, asked her own questions, and answered questions about the story. She also blockedShow MoreRelatedChildren With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder1423 Words   |  6 Pagesattention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). For parents and caregivers to detect behaviors particularly from association to concentration might conceivably overwhelming. To help stabilize the brain’s activity, physicians prescribe drugs to children with ADHD, but some parents disagree with it considering the effects of drugs. This paper will explore the benefit of a child’s well-being that depends on the hands of parents, caregivers, and doctors whether drugs are appropriately prescribe for childrenRead MoreI Walk Into A Second Grade Classroom1558 Words   |  7 Pageschildren happily chatting. The teacher acknowledges me with a wave while she is sitting with the children reading a story. I am there to observe John who is a 7-year-old male student in the class who had been diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder by the psychiatrist at Jewish Family Children’s Services. During a prior Child Study Team meeting, his teacher reported that he is constantly not on task and that his behavior is disrupting the classroom. The teacher reported that John doesRead MoreWhy I Am A Doctor898 Words   |  4 Pagespersist in my dream and pursue it bravely. I dream to become a doctor. I have known my heart and have shown my interest in biology since I was a young girl. I was born in a â€Å"doctors’ home.† Both of my grandparents are physicians, and my father also works in a hospital as an accountant. Therefore, before I went to primary school, I used to go to hospital to observe biological models. It let me find that I was extremely into observe the structure of human body. When I grew up, I always went to differentRead MoreEssay on Depression and Adolescents1314 Words   |  6 Pages Depression and Adolescents nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Depression. Is depression possible in young adults? Not until recently doctors thought that kids were not prone to depression. They thought that depression was purely an â€Å"adult† disease. Nowadays, every doctor knows that a child could be depressed too. The causes of adolescent depression and treatment outcomes were explored in the article by Pat Wingert and Barbara Kantrowitz â€Å"Young and Depressed† that I will discuss. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;ThisRead MoreSupervising Professional Interview Form.767 Words   |  4 Pagesprogression and daily shots notes book for the parent, toys, and sing. Are there assessment activities that I can do? Playing with children, using sign language, and interacting with children.  · What is the curriculum of the program? The curriculum which the center used is Brain- based Learning and Development which contains sensory, language, movement, relationship, critical and thinking aspects.  · How are curriculum-based measurements applied? She observes the children all day through looking atRead MoreChildhood Development And The Whole Child Concept Essay1365 Words   |  6 Pagesearly childhood development and the Whole Child concept. Early childhood development is the study of children’s growing and development from eight years old to pre-birth. Explain why it is important to understand early childhood development. It is important to understand early childhood development because it helps to understand the children better. In order for the teachers to meet the children’s needs, they have to know how and what they need to do. Learning early childhood development is also importantRead MoreEssay on Numeracy and Literary Scenario1314 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: This is the first assignment of the subject of EDF 1307 Early Literacy and Numeracy which require me to observe and analyze of an everyday literacy or numeracy scenario of a young child. First of all, I will talk about the background of the scenario; follow by the description of the scenario, analysis based on mathematical concept and literacy component, evaluation of the scenario, recommended activities and the conclusion as well. The references will be provided after theRead MoreDr. Jonathan Stecyks Cardiovascular Responses To Limiting O2 Levels798 Words   |  4 PagesDr. Jonathan Stecyk is a comparative physiologist that studies how animals adapt to their environments. He is an associate professor in the Biological Sciences department at the University of Alaska Anchorage as well as an Alaska Institutional Development Award (IDeA) Networks of Biomedical Research Excellence (INBRE) Faculty member. He has attended many prestigious universities in Canada including Augustina U niversity College and Simon Fraser University and he also received his doctorate from theRead MoreDescription And Description Of Center 11335 Words   |  6 Pagesstudents were at play. Primarily there was a lot of dramatic play going on. I overheard a conversation between two boys: Student 1: Pretend my dinosaur just got struck and you be the doctor and pretend I call you on the phone. What’s your phone number? Student 2: Mmmmm... 22265 Student 1: Ok. Hello Doctor, the dinosaur got struck, come quick, he has a torn leg. Can you come over? Student 2: ok..ok I kept observing around the classroom. What I noticed the most was dramatic play toolsRead MoreAdhd And Its Effects On Children1723 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferently, doctors utilize the same guidelines for each child in determining if the symptoms results in ADHD. According to Alan Schwarz, the rising number of diagnoses makes ADHD the second most prevalent disease in children besides asthma. Over the past twenty years, the number of children diagnosed with ADHD has risen to 3.5 million compared to 600,000 in 1990 (Schwarz A1). The families affected by ADHD rely heavily on their physicians to accurately assess their children’s symptoms, but the doctors trust

Synthesis And Characterization Of Nanodiamonds Is...

History The attempt for synthetic diamond was began in late 1800 with some unclarified reports of synthesis. Henri Mossain, a French chemist has done early works on synthetic diamonds by using electric arc discharge. Later Sir Charles Algeornon Passons tried to reproduce Moissan’s method. But later passon revealed that the diamonds produced by him were likely synthetic spinel [1, 2]. In 1954, H.Tracy Hall’s group used the belt press method and reported reproducible synthetic diamond. Nanodiamond films, in the recent years, have created its arena in research field due to their ultimate unique properties like high hardness, fuel cells, biosensor chemical inertness, excellent thermal conductivity optical transparency. In this paper, the synthesis characterization of nanodiamonds is explained by ultra-fast laser ablation technique [3]. Structure Diamond has a Face centered cubic structure. This arrangement makes the diamond toughest, high thermal conductor gives optical diversion properties. The substitution of carbon with boron in diamond lattice improves the electron m0obility in the structure. Nanodiamonds are smoother than microcrystalline diamond which ranges between 10-100nm. Nanodiamonds are often termed as ‘cauliflower’ or ‘ballas’ diamond. They contain large number of grain boundaries with impurities of graphite. Even ultra naocrystalline diamonds have a grain size of 2-1nm [4].

Prom Nights from Hell Chapter Nine Free Essays

He said, â€Å"Hi.† And she said, â€Å"Ho.† God. We will write a custom essay sample on Prom Nights from Hell Chapter Nine or any similar topic only for you Order Now GOD. Could she just say one normal thing? Thanks Crazy Mouth. He cocked an eyebrow at her. â€Å"I didn’t know you were coming to prom.† â€Å"I-changed my mind at the last minute.† â€Å"You look nice.† â€Å"You too.† Which was an understatement. He looked like a double stack of cinnamon apple pancakes with a side order of bacon and hash browns (extra crispy). Like the best thing Miranda had ever laid eyes on. She felt herself staring at him, then looked away, blushing. There was a moment of silence. Another one. Don’t let it go beyond four seconds, she reminded herself. It had to have been one second already; that left three, now two, say something! Say- â€Å"Are you wearing space pants?† Miranda asked him. â€Å"What?† How did it end? Oh, right. She said, â€Å"Because your butt is fine.† He gazed at her in that way he had like he was measuring her for a straitjacket. â€Å"I think-† he started, then stopped and seemed to be having trouble talking. Cleared his throat three times before finally saying, â€Å"I think the line is ‘because your butt is out of this world. â€Å" â€Å"Oh. That makes a lot more sense. I can see that. See, I read it in this book about how to get guys to like you and they said it was a line that never failed but I got interrupted in the middle and the line before it was about china-not the country, the kind you eat off of-and that is where the fine part was but I must have gotten them confused.† He just kept staring at her. She remembered the other advice from the book, â€Å"when in doubt, make an offer,† reached out, grabbed the first thing she could put her hand on, held it up to his chin, and said, â€Å"Nuts?† He looked like he was about to choke. He cleared his throat a few times, took the nuts from her, put the bowl back on the table, stepped toward her so that their noses were almost touching, and said, â€Å"You read a book about this?† Miranda couldn’t even hear his heartbeat over the sound of her own. â€Å"Yes, I did. Because clearly I wasn’t doing it right. I mean, if you kiss a guy and he pulls away from you and looks at you like your skin just turned to purple slime, clearly you need to spend some time at the self-help section of-â€Å" â€Å"You talk more when you’re nervous,† he said, still standing close to her. â€Å"No I don’t. That’s absurd. I’m just trying to explain to you-â€Å" â€Å"Do I make you nervous?† â€Å"No. I’m not nervous.† â€Å"You’re trembling.† â€Å"I’m cold. I’m wearing practically zero clothes.† His glance went to her lips, then back to her eyes. â€Å"I noticed.† Miranda gulped. â€Å"Look, I should-â€Å" He caught her wrist before she could take off. â€Å"That kiss you gave me was the hottest kiss I’ve ever had. I pulled away because I was afraid I wouldn’t be able to stop myself from ripping off your clothes. And that didn’t seem like the right way to end a first date. I didn’t want you to think that was all I was interested in.† She stared at him. There was silence again, but this time she didn’t worry about how long it went on. â€Å"Why didn’t you tell me?† she said finally. â€Å"I tried to, but every time I saw you afterward you disappeared. I got the feeling you were avoiding me.† â€Å"I didn’t want things to be awkward.† â€Å"Yeah, there was nothing awkward about you hiding behind a plant when I came into the dining hall at lunch on Wednesday.† â€Å"I wasn’t hiding. I was, um, breathing. You know, oxygen. From the plant. Very oxygenated, that air is.† Insert head in oven now. â€Å"Of course. I should have thought of that.† â€Å"It’s a health thing. Not many people know about it.† Leave until no longer HALF BAKED. â€Å"No, I’m sure they-â€Å" Miranda blurted. â€Å"Did you really mean that? About liking it when I kissed you?† â€Å"I really did. A lot.† Her hands were shaking. She reached up and pulled him toward her. Just as the music went off, the emergency-exit lighting went on and a tinny voice announced over a loudspeaker, â€Å"Please make your way to the nearest exit and leave the building immediately.† She and Will were pushed in different directions by the crowd surging to the door, being guided by four men in full body armor. The message kept repeating, but Miranda wasn’t hearing it or Ariel West screaming that someone was going to PAY for RUINING her NIGHT or the person saying that dude, this was the sweetest way to end a prom ever, man, he was so high. She was hearing again the one-two-three cha-cha heartbeat of Deputy Reynolds, slightly muffled by body armor. This was no drill. â€Å"It’s us, isn’t it?† Sibby said, rushing over to stand next to Miranda. â€Å"That’s why those storm-trooper guys are here. For us.† â€Å"Yeah.† â€Å"You were right. I should have stayed hidden. This is my fault. I don’t want anyone to get hurt. I’ll just turn myself over to these people, and they’ll have to let-â€Å" Miranda interrupted her. â€Å"After all that? With only three hours left to go? And you, blend-it-like-butter girl? No way. It’s not over. We can totally get out of this.† She tried to sound confident, but she was terrified. Just what do you think you’re doing? U-Suck channel demanded. I have no idea. Sibby looked at her, eyes blazing with hope. â€Å"Do you mean it? You have a way out?† Miranda swallowed, took a deep breath, and said to Sibby, â€Å"Follow me.† To herself: Please don’t fail. How to cite Prom Nights from Hell Chapter Nine, Essay examples

Revolutionary Business Management Using Business Intelligence

Question: Describe about the Revolutionary Business Management Using Business Intelligence And Analytics? Answer: Introduction The report discussed here is interrelated to the information management system. It includes different revolutionized ways to make evolved decisions making for the business management system. The report will analyze different types of decisions made within an organization, and the functionalities of those decisions. The information management system also describes the analytical outputs that provide correct and real-time information system to the users. In order to incorporate modern business processes, other requirements are also demonstrated. Findings and analysis Different types of discussions made within the business environment There are major six types of decision-making techniques utilities officially in an ordered way in every organization (Pettigrew 2014). A different group of people for beneficial outcome takes the decisions. Harper (2015) stated that the significant decisions are programmed and non-programmed decision, routine and strategic decisions, tactical and operational decisions, organizational and personal decisions, major and minor decisions, individual and group decision. All these regulatory decision making processes are relevant to each other. Function of decision-making Programmed and non-programmed decision: Programmed decisions are related to repetitive nature of problems occurred in an organization. The Certain standard procedure is followed to handle to execute his sort of decision making in an organization (Kaner 2014). The lower level managers take this decision. Programmed decisions are concerned with buying raw materials, leave grant for an employee, supply chain management, etc. whereas the non-programmed decisions are deals with serious problems in an organization those have no easy solution. According to PopoviÄ , Hackney and Coelho (2012) these matters are closely related to the organization's final decision making. In order to open the new branch, new product launching, advertisement in the marketplace these decision-making tactics are used. Routine and strategic decisions: The characteristic functions of an organization are known as the routine decision. These decisions are easy to take, and it does not require any assessment or further evaluation. Lower level employees make these decisions, as these are pre-organized according to the board policy (Harper 2015). At the same time, strategic decisions are important for an organization to achieve fruitful results. These decisions affect the objectives, goals and policy matters of an organization. A massive amount investment is required to execute these decision programs. After detailed analysis and dummy evaluation, the final implementation of this decisions is taken. Tactical and operational decisions: The top-level management team makes the policy or tactical decision for an organization. These have long-term effects on society. The policy decision involves plant location, production volume, and distribution channels maintained by an enterprise. However, the lower level and middle-level management team took the operational decision for an organization (Pettigrew 2014). These are practical decisions that evaluate on a daily basis for particular business operation. Decisions concerning bonus, payment, incentives are tactical decisions at the same time measurement of an amount for individuals are an operational decision. Organizational and personal decisions: when an organizational head takes some decision for the sake of the company then that is called corporate decision whereas if the decision affects the private life of the executive then will be known as the personal choice (Howson 2014). Organizational and individual decisions are interrelated to each other for example it can be said that when an organizational head leaves a company for any particular reason, it may affect the corporate function also. Significant and minor decisions: In an organization meaningful and small both kinds of decisions are taken (Kaner 2014). The company's top-level management makes the major decisions, but the lower, and middle-level management team of the company takes the small decisions. Individual and group decision: Any person makes a decision related to the company is known as an individual decision. Enterprise head decision-maker makes these decisions. When the industry requires a team support, then they arrange board meetings or committee meetings (PopoviÄ , Hackney and Coelho 2012). During these kinds of meetings, the group discussion leads to taking group decisions. Figure 1: Decision making processes (Source: PopoviÄ , Hackney and Coelho 2012, pp-731) Six elements of intelligent business environment There are six items in the environment to business intelligence. These are as followed: Elements Role Play Data fetching from business resources Integration and organization of the structured and unstructured data taken from various resources Infrastructure of business intelligence In order to arrange all relevant business data in an organized way a proper database managements system is required. Analytical business toolsets Different diagnostic key tools are needed for assessment of relevant data and to produce an analytical report. It also measures the progress speed of the enterprise performance. Methods and their managerial users The managers decide the strategic business objectives. The proper utilization of BI and BA tools are also made. Platforms required for delivery The resultant from the BA and BI tools are delivering to every individual of the firm, and the delivery platforms are MIS, DSS, and ESS. User interface Different visual procedures such as a dashboard, scorecards are used to represent the resultant BA and BI report. Table 1: Elements of intelligent business environment (Source: Rouhani 2012, pp-3766) Discussion of the analytical functionalities provided by BI system: Analytical functionalities Role play Production report Based on the particular industry need this report is predefined. Parameterized report In order to receive isolated impacts of the parameters user enter several parameters. Dashboard/ Scorecard Visual report to represent performance of the data defined by the users Ad hoc query/search/report creation Based on systematic search and queries users creates their report. Drill down It is the capability to make a transaction from the high-level summary to view that is more detailed. Forecast and scenario models Ability to perform linear forecasting and assessment of data taken from the resources are done using these models. Table 2: the analytical functionalities provided by BI system (Source: Sein-Echaluce 2013, pp-407) Figure2: Business intelligence system (Source: Vargas and Cuenca 2016, pp-60) Five discrete outputs that provide correct and real-time information to users Harmon (2015) stated that Business intelligence is mainly a drive technology program used to convert raw data into useful organizational data for sound decision-making. For decision-making, it provides report formation on the functionalities, tools to identify the bunch of useful data, data mining technique, and analysis for prediction. The five analytical outputs or components utilized by business intelligence system that provides correct and real time information systems to the user are- OLAP, data Visualization, dashboard, report, and alerts. The users get the detailed presentation of the resultants for the generated queries according to the requirements (Li and Cao 2014). Apart from this, the ability of BI forecasting is mainly a package of analytical application used for sales forecasting. Several sorts of analytical outputs are there that affect the business includes EIS (Executive Information System), Artificial intelligence (AI), data mining, Decision support system, CRM (Customer Relationship Management) and ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning). The analytical application focuses on the vendors and internal teams (Vargas and Cuenca 2016). The inventory control, product purchasing, reliable transaction processing application is also supported by the system. Business intelligence and analytics that helps to improve decision-making In order to choose the correct path proper decision is required to make by the top management decision maker to take a quick decision. The values of Business intelligence and the business analytics are significant on the decision-making capability of an organization (Rouhani 2012). Therefore, it becomes difficult for the decision makers to take the proper decision. Apart from this, insufficient information and lack of investment are making the policy makers confused. Again, there are some companies where the decision maker takes the appropriate decision with the available pre-processed data (Sauter 2014). The advantages of implementing BI and BP in the business models for decision-making include: Improved business productivity: A business process can channel their resources in the field of implementation. The BI team handles all the information in an organized way. The productivity includes cost savings, time management, time saving and efficient outcome (Chen 2012). From the customer's interaction, the BI team extracts the crucial information for proper documentation and well presentation. Easily virtually, accessible information: It provides necessary information to the company to make quick decisions and to achieve competitive advantages in the marketplace. Return on investment: Any business requires the enormous amount of investment for continuous progress. Therefore, the company expects also some beneficial outcome from this. This return policy is known as ROI (Harper 2015). The business process efficiency, employee productivity, and better decision making are the gain from the investment. Informed decision-making: Based on the timely information and reporting the company can easily measure their progress of performance (Howson 2014). BI provides crucial and necessary information the enterprises to make the perfect decision including future trends, expected demands and customer behavior towards the company. Intelligent techniques in decision-making and knowledge management that benefit the modern business The knowledge management and BI provide benefits to every company. It also eliminates mighty guess works. The organizations recognized the importance of BI. The benefits are as followed: With the help of BI tools, the conversion and solution of issues regarding business knowledge through analytical intelligence are possible (Dumas 2013). Business issue rates can be decreased with direct email, telephone, email, and market campaigning via the internet. Organization can identify the same customer for their company. In order to keep those customers satisfy the company undertakes different underlying reasons. Again, loyalty, trust, and understanding between the client and server are easy to keep with the help of BI (Rouhani 2012). The method contributes to attracting more customers in future also. It analyzes quick stream data for ecommerce strategic improvement. Money-laundering criminal activities can be discovered. Warranty reported problems could be detected quickly. It analyzes the potential growth, and risk reduction strategies. Detects fraudulent behaviors Contract a balanced relationship between customer and management team of the company. It adds profit rate for the insurance. It analyzes the product quality and the service line structure. Decision Support system for groups to take efficient decisions According to Matayong (2013) the concept of Decision support systems grew during the 1970s to 1980s when the companies started facing various issues. It introduced two computer-assisted decision-making systems such as- MIS (Management Information System) and OR/MS (Operation Research and Management Systems). The MIS provides scheduled report for the well-defined requirement for information, demand report for an ad hoc information system and the capability to query a database to search data (Sein-Echaluce 2013). At the same time, OR/MS is used for assessment of specific issues. The definition of DSS implemented in the 1970s and was using today also. The definition of DSS is as followed: It is a computer-based system It helps the decision maker to make a significant decision for the company. It challenges the ill-structured issues. With the help of direct interaction with the consumers With the data and analyzing models In todays era, different complex ambiances are occurring in the business cases (Matayong 2013). In order to optimize those issues, the company needs to acquire appropriate decisions as per the situation. Now a day, for quick decision-making the businesses are adapting fact-based decisions and modern decision support system (Sauter 2014). In this case, the occurrence of information overloading and information distortion level is also very high. These systems help a group of people to take an efficient decision for the company's benefit. Different level groups make different decisions for practical results. Discussion of the systems that are used to improve enterprise-wide knowledge management Rouhani (2012) opined that the methods used to develop enterprise-wide knowledge management includes OLAP (Online analytical process), advanced analytics, groupware system, DSS, tools of AI, semantic networks, corporate performance management system, simulation tools, the real time BI, data warehouse and data resources. Multidimensional analysis of business data that gives an opportunity for the organization to measure complicated calculation, trend analysis, and sensitive data modeling is performed by OLAP. Budgeting, forecasting, financial reporting, and simulation models are the business applications performed by the company (Dumas 2013). Improvement in this field is necessary for the organization. Data warehouse emphasizes the capture of data from diverse resources. The data mining system is needed to be enabled, as it is the process of computation of discovering the types in a large set of data that involves artificial intelligence, database, and learning machines (Chen 2012). Advanced DSS and simulation tools should be incorporated into the existing system for improvement. Figure 3: Enterprise-wide knowledge management system (Source: Delgado 2013, pp-980) Groupware system is the application software introduced to support the ordinary working people who are concentrating on reaching the preset target level (Brown 2013). As Artificial intelligence is a machine, rather software, therefore, the human feeling cannot be incorporated with this. As a result, the technical improvement is required for the beneficial outcome of the company. Conclusion In the above report, it has been discussed different decision-making system for an organization. With the help of DSS how the complexity of decision-makings is reduced are discussed here. Enterprise-wide knowledge management systems are how improved for the managerial decision-making are also mentioned in the report. Business Intelligence and Business Analytics methods are described and also how these systems helped to improve the decision making a power of the dominant management system is discussed. Recommendations The above discussion provides many complex situations that have occurred in an organization. In order to mitigate those, make recommendations as followed: The major issue related to the BI is the cost. The technique is cost-effective. Therefore, wrong BI implementation will be a waste of money and time as well. The software and hardware maintenance cost is very high. The organizations should acquire advanced BI to overcome these problems. More advance DSS should be evolved for the current systems in an organization to mitigate the issues. A robust and secure computerized architecture should be projected as a beneficial outcome for the company. References Brown, S.A., Dennis, A.R., Burley, D. and Arling, P., 2013. Knowledge sharing and knowledge management system avoidance: The role of knowledge type and the social network in bypassing an organizational knowledge management system.Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology,64(10) Chen, H., Chiang, R.H. and Storey, V.C., 2012. Business Intelligence and Analytics: From Big Data to Big Impact.MIS quarterly,36(4), pp.1165-1188. Delgado, T., Gonzlez, G., Miranda, G., Navarro, D.G. and Gravern, A., 2013, October. Context-aware Spatial Decision Support Systems (CA-SDSS): Articulating Decision Support Systems, Business Intelligence and Recommender Systems considering the geospatial component. InFourth International Workshop on Knowledge Discovery, Knowledge Management and Decision Support. Atlantis Press. ISBN(pp. 978-90). Dumas, M., La Rosa, M., Mendling, J. and Reijers, H.A., 2013.Fundamentals of business process management(pp. I-XXVII). Heidelberg: Springer. Harmon, P., 2015. The scope and evolution of business process management. InHandbook on Business Process Management 1(pp. 37-80). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Harper, C., 2015.Organizations: Structures, processes and outcomes. Routledge. Howson, C. and Hammond, M., 2014.Successful Business Intelligence: Unlock the Value of BI Big Data. McGraw-Hill Education. Kaner, S., 2014.Facilitator's guide to participatory decision-making. John Wiley Sons. Li, Y., Cao, B., Xu, L., Yin, J., Deng, S., Yin, Y. and Wu, Z., 2014. An efficient recommendation method for improving business process modeling.Industrial Informatics, IEEE Transactions on,10(1), pp.502-513. Matayong, S. and Kamil Mahmood, A., 2013. The review of approaches to knowledge management system studies.Journal of Knowledge Management,17(3), pp.472-490. Pettigrew, A.M., 2014.The politics of organizational decision-making. Routledge. PopoviÄ , A., Hackney, R., Coelho, P.S. and JakliÄ , J., 2012. Towards business intelligence systems success: Effects of maturity and culture on analytical decision making.Decision Support Systems,54(1), pp.729-739. Rouhani, S., Ghazanfari, M. and Jafari, M., 2012. Evaluation model of business intelligence for enterprise systems using fuzzy TOPSIS.Expert Systems with Applications,39(3), pp.3764-3771. Sauter, V.L., 2014.Decision support systems for business intelligence. John Wiley Sons. Sein-Echaluce, M., Lers, D., Blanco, .F. and Garca-Pealvo, F.J., 2013, November. Knowledge management system for applying educational innovative experiences. InProceedings of the First International Conference on Technological Ecosystem for Enhancing Multiculturality(pp. 405-410). ACM. Vargas, A., Cuenca, L., Boza, A., Sacala, I. and Moisescu, M., 2016. Towards the development of the framework for inter sensing enterprise architecture.Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing,27(1), pp.55-72.

Cango Market and Competition Research free essay sample

6. Market Research / Competition Research Issue #6: Market Research / Competition Research CanGo is a company that has been successful by luck and has a staff that has the experience and qualities that are needed to bring this company to a much greater success. One of the areas that CanGo seems to be lacking in would have to be the market and competition research department. In order to implement their plan successfully they are going to need to come up with a better technique for obtaining marketing and competition research. Having ample market research for the company’s new venture will provide them with not only a competitive advantage, but they will also reap from the benefits with above average profits in return. By having the right competition research for the company’s new venture they will have an advantage providing the customer with the online gaming experience they are already use today, but done with a twist by adding real time to it. We will write a custom essay sample on Cango Market and Competition Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One thing I did notice is that they seem to be attracting their market through differentiation by selling a specialized product which would be their online gaming in real time and they are selling to a specific target market which would be the generation Xers and Yers. I believe this is a good strategy for going into the gaming niche because the average age for gamers based on a study in 2011 by Gerald Lynchon, was of 1,452 self-confessed gamers, ages 18-40, have revealed that on average button mashers will spend 1. years of their lives button mashing. (Lynchon, 2011) Recommendation #6- The employees of CanGo are on the right track, but having a great idea is more than likely going to lose them money if they don’t use their individual research skills to provide an over all feasibility study to go along with that great idea. Through surveys, literature research, internet research, and other information gathering techniques, the employees of Cango can learn the trends in the gam ing industry, as well as individual preferences of their potential customers. Also being in a well-defined industry, like games, they might find that their national professional organization has already conducted research studies on behalf of the members of the organization. Like mentioned the employees have the skill to provide this company with a great product and by utilizing these skills in the right manner I believe they can manage this and be successful at the same time. Reference Lynch, Gerald. (2011, July 13). Average gamer spends 1. 8 years of their life button mashing. Retrieved from http://www. techdigest. tv/2011/07/average_gamer_s. html

Admin Assistants Develop your phone skills for the office

Admin Assistants Develop your phone skills for the office You may think having an excellent phone manner is an outdated relic- after all, wont everyone just email if they want something? Not necessarily- if youre in an admin or customer service field, talking on the phone might still be a part of your everyday reality. And even if youre not, a good phone manner never goes out of style and can add a veneer of professionalism to your image in whatever job you do.Here are a few tips on how to be a boss at manning ye olde telephone.Have a formal greeting.Unless you know it’s your coworker Bob, or your spouse, or your boss calling you back after getting disconnected, come up with a professional way to answer calls. Be polite and informative: â€Å"Good morning/afternoon/evening. [Name of Company.] [Your name] speaking .† If you’re serving in an operator capacity, you can add something along the lines of â€Å"How may I direct your call?† It may seem silly, but it helps to think of a few variations and try them out lou d to pick the one that comes most naturally.Only answer if youre ready to talk.That means answering promptly (not making someone wait for 14 rings), but also making sure not to answer if you have your mouth full of coffee or lunch or if there’s a big commotion going on at your desk. If someone is calling you they want to you to hear what they have to say and respond with clarity.Take excellent messages.If you’re answering the phone for more than just yourself, make sure you take good messages. Work out with your boss the exact information you should get from everyone who calls. Never be too shy to ask for spelling clarification on a name or email address, or return phone number information.Leave excellent messages.If you hit an answering machine, speak slowly and clearly. Give your name and contact info at the beginning and again at the end so the person jotting down your details won’t have to listen to the whole thing again to get your number if they missed it at the beginning. Be succinct, but don’t leave out any important or relevant details- such as the reason for your call. Spell things you think might be garbled, especially by bad cell reception.Charm and disarm.Anger and frustration can magnify over the phone, especially when you cant throw an empathetic facial expression the way of someone ranting and raving. If youre in a position to deal with difficult or outraged clients or customers, youll have to pacify with your words. First and foremost, let the person know youre listening (I hear how upset you are and I understand why.). Then, let him or her know you will try to get to the root of the problem and fix it. Shouting back and getting snippy or curt will not help- it will usually only incense the caller more. Most people just want to be heard.Use names.Whenever possible, throw in the name of the person you are speaking to. Addressing someone this way makes a professional conversation feel more personal and less remote. Yo u don’t have to feel distant just because you’re not in the room together. And this goes both ways- make sure to always identify yourself early on with your own full name!Be sincere and kind.Having a good phone manner doesn’t mean being a phony. Sure, you should be cheerful, enunciate clearly, and speak articulately, but don’t put on a persona that isn’t anything like your true self. Be the best and brightest professional version of yourself while being as genuine and as frank as possible.  People can hear a lot of body language through the phone, and smiling is the clearest way to communicate positivity.

Promotional Budget-Magic knife Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Promotional Budget-Magic knife - Essay Example The heat produced, therefore, has the capability of melting butter in seconds during when it is spread on the bread slices. This makes it easy and simple for butter application process to occur. The knife can also cut ice cream cakes, cupcakes and many others, very simply and in a very easy and efficient way. It makes the cutting process simple and very easy to occur. Being a new product in the market, I will be faced with the challenge of ensuring that the product and its brand penetrate the market and gain popularity among consumers. The only way to do this will be through carrying out promotional services to ensure that the information about the knife and its capabilities and workability is spread to the targeted audiences. The major promotional services or strategies will include the use of radios, television, roadshows, online advertising, print advertising, trade shows, publications, and catalogues and brochures. The choice of the right promotional channel will depend on the prevalence of the targeted audience in that channel. Knives are used by every family households, but it becomes the responsibility of the parents, more so, mothers to purchase them. However, restaurants, butcheries, ice cream parlors, fruit parlors, and food courts also use the knives a great deal. The above chosen media for promotional services will, therefore, be appropriate as they are all accessible to the targeted groups mentioned. However, allocation of funds in the promotional budget will depend on the extent of promotional services in that particular medium as well as the effectiveness of advertising in such a medium (Bizmove, 2013). The promotional budget will be considered to be 23% of the total sales realized. However, as the sales increase due to more awareness creation by advertising, the budget will be increasing. It will, therefore, mean that, if more sales are realized, there will be more investment in

Judicial Decision Making Analysis Research Paper

Judicial Decision Making Analysis - Research Paper Example The West Virginia State School Board v Barnette is a case in point. The Supreme Court had ruled that states cannot compel students to salute the American flag. No punitive action whatsoever could be taken either against the students concerned or their parents/guardians. In fact, it was an overruling of an earlier decision in Minersville School District v Gobitis. â€Å"The very purpose of the Bill of Rights was to withdraw certain subjects from the vicissitudes of political controversy, to place them beyond the reach of majorities and officials† (as cited in West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette, 319 U.S. 624, 1943). The court decreed that it was essential to keep such subjects outside the influence of majorities so that numerical strength by way of legislation would not trample the rights of minorities. Similarly, administrative orders and decisions were open to arbitrary interpretations on the part of officials. These were not all-encompassing and were rigidly e nforced. Such decisions always left people with grievances. Legal Subculture Every profession breeds its own culture within the over-arching culture of a place. While culture by itself is a relative term, a similar work atmosphere creates common conditions which lead to common aspirations and also a common world view. Hence, a legal subculture develops which comprises all those involved in the judicial process. These include legal practitioners, students of law and the administrative support personnel involved. A prolonged interaction with law makes even the seekers of justice imbibe the nuances of law. Such seekers are known to become comfortable with legal jargon, which is derisively known as ‘legalese’ in common parlance. Hence, the influence of legal subculture on those who practise it is even greater. There is a constant exchange of ideas between people of the same profession which is also the case here. What prompted the ruling in this case (or the overruling of t he Minersville case) is also the effect of the legal subculture to an extent. No decision can be taken in isolation. Human factors when coupled with people in a similar environment lead to such rulings. That the earlier decision had been overturned shows the influence of the public on the legal sub-culture in this case. The figure six-to-three for the ruling was not arrived at the spur of the moment. It was only due to deliberations among the various judges that resulted in this ruling. The sub-culture is primarily responsible for the exchange of ideas among the Justices in this context. It must also be remembered that the three dissensions are also due to the same sub-culture which allows divergent views to manifest and coexist with the majority views. Judicial Background The Gobitis case had had a profound influence over the Barnette case. It can be said that it was a curtain raiser to what unfolded three years later. There had been a review by the judges examining the Barnette ca se in the light of the previous ruling. The court ruled that compelling school children to salute the flag was unconstitutional.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Court found that such a salute was a form of utterance and was a means of communicating ideas  Ã¢â‚¬Å" (The Oyez Project at IIT Chicago, Kent College of Law). The compulsory flag salute was in violation of the First Amendment which

The importance of proper nutrition for promoting wound healing in Literature review

The importance of proper nutrition for promoting wound healing in elderly - Literature review Example The overall health condition of the patient influences the result of healing from the damaged tissue. Older wound care patients call for additional care and constant that addresses the issues that speed up the wound treatment. Several wound care analysts support a holistic means for treating elderly wound patients that regards simultaneous bodily and mental aspects such as dietary position and illness status like diabetes and cancer. The following paper will look into the various methodologies, analyses, gaps, data and theories used and developed by these analyses towards wound haling in the elderly. II. Current Literature According to Timmes, wound healing needs an increase in the energy consumption of the patient because of a rise in metabolic demand. Nutrition plays a major role in the wound healing procedure, as various nutrients have precise functions connected to wound healing. Sufficient nutrition is also needed to sustain healthy skin integrity and elderly patients regularly go through delayed wound healing because of such nutrition deficiencies. Timmes also states that successful management of malnourished patients with wounds relies on precise untimely diagnosis and therapy. Heyman, Van De Looverbosch, Meier and Schols believe that a high-protein ONS supplemented with arginine, vitamin C, vitamin E and zinc when utilized with average and pressure ulcer care, particularly decreased the standard pressure ulcer area of permanent nursing home civilians. Major themes assessed by Sherman and Barkly include the importance of nutritional evaluation at the specific nutrients, their roles in wound healing, and the potential of wound therapy among the elderly. Other analysts with a similar viewpoint are Takahashi, Kimele and Jones, who have laid out fundamentals to wound healing through a series of steps. The steps include Step 1: Identify the cause This step involves the enhancement of a well organized would plan by realizing the cause of the wound. Such knowle dge provides a base for the healing procedure and prognosis. Step 2: Maintenance of good nutrition The authors of the journal do not sturdily point out the significance of proper nutrition in the sustenance of skin integrity and wound healing. Nevertheless, patients have proven through research results that the end-phase dementia or the fatal disease cannot get enough healing through ample nutrition. Step 3: Manage infection Sufficient wound healing needs a surrounding that is free of any kind of infections all skin the body is colonized, making bacteria and other inflectional organisms susceptible to causing infections to the body through the wound Step 4: Recommendations for wound therapy According to Takahashi, Kimele and Jones, discussions with the nursing staff and other healthcare givers are regularly needed for the establishment of concluding recommendations for wound treatment. On a similar note, Sherman and Barkly believe that various nutrients play major roles in wound hea ling. They have analyzed each nutrient using the following order and knowledge on wound treatment: Proteins The elderly normally face protein depletion, resulting in the reduction of the rate and quality of wound healing. Therefore, proteins are needed for healing since they are part of a seditious procedure, and in immune receptiveness, the development of granulation tissue become simpler and rapid. Carbohydrates As part of the healing proce

Government Intervention in the Health Care Market

Government Intervention in the Health Care Market Naif Almutairi a) As an economic adviser to the Health Minister, how would you respond to the following question raised by a member of parliament? It is more of a basic human right to have access to food than to health care. Why do governments intervene more directly in markets for health care compared to markets for food? Introduction In the western political tradition, basic human rights are universal: all rights are necessary in order to make up the fundamental requirements of a human being (Donnelly, 2013). However, in practice, human rights are hierarchical. As Montgomery (2002:373) declares, peoples actual experiences with human rights reveal which ones are the most prevalent in their daily lives, and thus provide a possible basis for estimating their relative importance and for adopting appropriate policies. Different cultural groups and nationalities have different experiences of human rights (Donnelly, 2013). For example, people from high income countries such as Britain have few experiences of the right to food, yet frequent (and even inevitable) needs for the right to health care (Macklem, 2015). As a result, it can be argued that while food is more of a basic right to life (i.e. without food one cannot live) than the right to have access to health care, the latter is far more applicable to the delivery of human rights in the social, economic and political context of early twenty first century Britain. This essay will examine the problem of basic rights in greater detail, looking in particular at the reasons why the government tends to intervene more directly in health care markets than markets for food. As will become apparent, in order to understand the issue, it is essential to consider the unique nature of the health care marketplace, and the underlying need for government regulation that this necessarily entails. Government Intervention in the Health Care Market In order to understand why governments intervene more frequently and directly in health care markets, it is essential in the first instance to consider the nature and the function of the marketplace. For most commodities (including food), the market performs a simple function that permits buyers and sellers to exchange a good or service for a fee (Harvey, 2011). Free markets therefore allow the price of the good or service to be determined by: (1) supply and demand; and (2) resources available (Harvey, 2011). Prices for food products are agreed by both the buyer and the seller with supply and demand dictating the pattern of the interchange between the consumer and the producer (Donaldson Gerard, 2005). Viewed from this perspective, in a free market place (i.e. a marketplace that is characterised by an absence of government intervention) consumers are sovereign (Taylor Mankiw, 2014). Consumers are thus free to make choices and producers respond in kind (Taylor Mankiw, 2014). However, the health care market is fundamentally different from food and other commodities that are bought and sold in the marketplace (Klein, 2005). Two points in particular are apparent. Firstly, when a consumer becomes seriously ill and needs to enter the health care marketplace, the costs of goods and services are likely to be extremely high (Donaldson Gerard, 2005). For example, for the vast majority of consumers, the costs of complex surgery will far exceed what the customer is able to afford. Thus, consumers in the health care market place are not sovereign economic actors as they are in food markets where hunger is alleviated according to what kind of food the consumer can afford (Wiseman Jan, 2011). Secondly, unlike consumers of food, health care consumers cannot predict when they will become sick or what their future health care needs might be (Donaldson Gerard, 2005). Therefore, consumption in the health care market is not determined by choice but, rather, by uncertaint y (Wiseman Jan, 2011). As a consequence, in the health care market, most transactions occur between insurers and health care providers rather than between the consumer and the commodity producer (Guinness Wiseman, 2011). This, in turn, ensures that transactions which occur in the health care market place are influenced by complex processes of risk management, information asymmetry resulting from consumer ignorance and negative externalities (i.e. where health care exacts a cost to all consumers regardless of whether or not they are purchasing any products) (Guinness Wiseman, 2011). Consequently, in the health care market, prices are not determined by supply and demand; rather, prices are determined by interactions between insurers and suppliers, and health care providers (Taylor Mankiw, 2014). Furthermore, unlike in other commodity markets, the price of health care is not affected by the quantity or availability of resources: when the consumer is sick they have no option but to purchase the product that can make them better (Wiseman, 2011). As a result, stripped of the power and influence of sovereign consumers, the health care market is fundamentally distorted. Where, in an ideal market, consumers act as a check upon the power of the producers, in a health care market suppliers and producers are predominant (Donaldson Gerard, 2005). Consequently, left to its own devices, the health care market would be subject to endemic failure characterised by problems of distribution, resource inequalities and an absence of price controls (Walshe Smith, 2011). It is for this reason that the government tends to intervene more directly in the health care market than in the food market. Government intervention in the health care market is required to regulate the marketplace, establish the parameters for prices, and allocate and fund scarce resources (Mills, 2011). Without government intervention, the public costs of consumption would exceed the private costs of production (Mills, 2011). Conclusion The Member of Parliament who raised the question has failed to grasp two important points. Firstly, although, from a theoretical vantage point, rights are universal, in practice rights are characterised by hierarchy. In Britain, the right to health care is of more practical value than the right to food. Secondly, because consumers are not sovereign, the health care market is susceptible to market failure. Although the existence of market failure and/or market inequalities is not in itself a reason for government intervention, the extent of the distortions and pervasive incentives that arise in health care renders government intervention in the funding and regulation of the health care market an economic necessity. b) What do you think should be the objectives of a health care system? How would you finance and organise the system to achieve this? Introduction At the dawn of the twenty first century, health care is arguably the most contested area of public policy with the legitimacy of governments depending in large part upon the ability to meet the health needs of ageing populations in times of deep economic uncertainty (Buse et al, 2012). The centrality afforded to health care therefore demands that policy-makers have clear objectives and goals so as to set attainable long and short-term agendas for public health care delivery. This essay will examine the issue of objectives in greater detail, looking in particular at the goals of health care in the contemporary era. In addition, the essay will consider the ways in which the state should finance and organise the system in order to meet its objectives. Over the course of the essay, it will be necessary to discuss problems such as raising funds, paying doctors and financing hospitals and other front-line services. The Objectives of the Health Care System The core objective of any health care system should be two-fold. On the one hand, a health care system should endeavour to improve the health and wellbeing of all of the people who use the system regardless of wealth (Mahon, 2011). On the other hand, a health care system should look to reduce the economic burden of disease upon the state (Robinson, 2011). However, these two objectives cannot be achieved in isolation. For example, aiming to improve the wealth of the population demands that the health care system improves access to primary health care (Mahon, 2011). Likewise, reducing the burden of disease demands that health care systems improve the cost effectiveness of health services, and recruit the best medical professionals available to deliver health care (Donaldson Gerard, 2005). Therefore, the core objectives of the health care system are undermined by an unresolved tension between social and economic goals: where social goals outline the primacy of equity, economic objectiv es underscore the importance of efficiency; likewise where social goals consider quantity, economic objectives emphasise quality (Maynard, 2005). As a result, the objectives of the health care system are determined by the nature of the institutional mix between public and private health care providers (Maynard, 2005). Financing and Organising the Health Care System to Achieve Objectives In order to examine how to finance and organise a health care system, it is essential to contemplate the question of opportunity cost. As Donaldson and Gerard (2005) attest, the principle of opportunity cost is constructed upon the premise that purchasing one item inevitably involves a trade-off against another. For example, a health care manager who decides to invest in a particular treatment cannot do so for a different treatment. Thus, the true cost of the allocation of scarce resources is the inability to pay for other resources that the health system requires (Wiseman, 2011). Therefore, opportunity costs suggests that there is always a trade-off between equity and efficiency (Maynard, 2005). This has been particularly prevalent in the NHS where certain areas of the health care system (for instance, coronary disease) have been prioritised over others (for example, mental health) (Ham, 2009). Financing and organising the health care system therefore demands that public health agen cies incorporate the private sector into models of economic development (Balduzzi, 2011). Public-private partnerships (PPPs) have already become a staple feature of health care economics (Klein, 2005). PPPs allow the state to shunt the responsibility for financing the building, operation and design of hospitals and other clinical and non-clinical services to private sector contractors in the guise of Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) (Broadbent Laughlin, 2005). Although PPPs have been criticised for increasing the risk of financing health services back onto the public sector, the merging of public sector interests with private sector imperatives represents an ideal means of alleviating the economic burden of funding health care from the state (Klein, 2005). In particular, institutional diversity is able to address the problem of opportunity cost when there is only the one health care provider (Broadbent Laughlin, 2005). PPPs should thus remain a central means of financing and organising health care services. In addition, in order to raise funds, public health care providers should look to fuse taxation with income from patient charges (Donaldson, 2011). Moreover, significant funds can be raised from public health providers treating private patients. For example, NHS Foundation Trusts (FTs) have seen income from private patients increase by 16 per cent in the past two years, totalling  £395.9 million in 2014-15 (Health Investor, 2015). Private sector initiatives can also be used to help to pay for the expertise that is required to deliver quality health services (Donaldson, 2011). Research undertaken by Donaldson (2011), for example, suggests that doctors respond positively to financial incentives (i.e. remuneration per consultation or per operation). Although financial incentives have been criticised for leading to over-recommend of health services, there is little evidence that this is an inevitable by-product of market-based remuneration (Donaldson, 2011). Contractual performance-rel ated pay where wages are linked to market economies would therefore represent the most viable means of paying for and retaining the best medical staff in order to deliver the objectives of the health care system (Tofts, 2011). Conclusion The objectives of the health care system are both economic and social. On the one hand, a health care system should endeavour to improve the health and wellbeing of the population through improving access to care. On the other hand, a health care system should aim to reduce the burden of disease by improving the quality of health care provision. However, the problem of opportunity cost suggests that there is always a trade-off between efficiency and equity. It is therefore proposed that health care systems are financed and organised according to a public-private model. This, in turn, would help to build hospitals and other front-line services, pay doctors and raise funds for the allocation of resources. In the final analysis, quantity and quality can only be established by locating alternative means of financing and organising the health care system.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   References Balduzzi, P. (2011) Models of public-private partnerships for the provision of goods, in, Journal of Economics and Politics, 23(2): 271-296 Broadbent, J. and Laughlin, R. (2005) The development of contracting in the context of infrastructure investment in the UK: the case of the Private Finance Initiative in the National Health Service, in, International Public Management Journal, 6(2): 173-197 Buse, K., Mays, N. and Walt, G. (2012) Making Health Policy: Second Edition Maidenhead: The Open University Press Donaldson, C. and Gerard, K. (2005) Economics of Health care Financing: The Visible Hand: Second Edition London: Palgrave Macmillan Donaldson, C. (2011) Credit Crunch Health Care: How Economics Can Save Our Publicly-Funded Health Care Systems Bristol: Policy Press Donnelly, J. (2013) Universal Human Rights in Theory and Practice: Third Edition New York: Cornell University Press Guinness, L. and Wiseman, V. (2011) Health care markets and efficiency, in, Guinness, L. and Wiseman, V. (Eds.) Introduction to Health Economics: Second Edition Maidenhead: The Open University Press, pp.117-132 Ham, C. (2009) Health Policy in Britain: Sixth Edition London: Palgrave Macmillan Harvey, D. (2011) The Enigma of Capital and the Crises of Capitalism London: Profile Health Investor (2015) NHS private pay income up 14% in two years. In Health Investor [online], available at, http://www.healthinvestor.co.uk/ShowArticle.aspx?ID=4259 (first accessed 24.10.15) Klein, R. (2005) The public-private mix in the UK, in, Maynard, A. (Ed.) The Public-Private Mix for Health Oxford: The Nuffield Trust, pp.43-62 Macklem, P. (2015) The Sovereignty of Human Rights Oxford: Oxford University Press Mahon, A. (2011) Health and wellbeing: the wider context for health care management, in, Walshe, K. and Smith, J. (Eds.) Healthcare Management: Second Edition Maidenhead: The Open University Press, pp.96-119 Maynard, A. (2005) Enduring problems in health care delivery, in, Maynard, A. (Ed.) The Public-Private Mix for Health Oxford: The Nuffield Trust, pp.293-310 Mills, A. (2011) Health systems in low and middle income countries, in, Glied, S. and Smith, P.C. (Eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Health Economics Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp.30-57 Montgomery, J.D. (2002) Is there a hierarchy of human rights? in Journal of Human Rights, 1(3): 373-385 Robinson, S. (2011) Financing health care: funding systems and health care costs, in, Walshe, K. and Smith, J. (Eds.) Healthcare Management: Second Edition Maidenhead: The Open University Press, pp.37-64 Taylor, M.P. and Mankiw, G. (2014) Economics: Third Edition London: Pearson Tofts, A. (2011) Managing resources, in, Walshe, K. and Smith, J. (Eds.) Healthcare Management: Second Edition Maidenhead: The Open University Press, pp.399-417 Walshe, K. and Smith, J. (2011) Introduction: the current and future challenges of healthcare management, in, Walshe, K. and Smith, J. (Eds.) Healthcare Management: Second Edition Maidenhead: The Open University Press, pp.1-12 Wiseman, V. (2011) Key concepts in health economics, in, Guinness, L. and Wiseman, V. (Eds.) Introduction to Health Economics: Second Edition Maidenhead: The Open University Press, pp.7-29 Wiseman, V. and Jan, S. (2011) A simple model of demand, in, Guinness, L. and Wiseman, V. (Eds.) Introduction to Health Economics: Second Edition Maidenhead: The Open University Press, pp.37-54

The Relationship Between Business and Government Essay -- Business Man

Relationship between Government and Business in the United States The government’s position is to ensure that citizens do not suffer harm resulting from business operations, such as selling tainted food or preparing foods in unsanitary conditions, causing ecological harm, or dealing unscrupulously in financial matters. As the government grows, government regulation, taxation, and spending has been beneficial for businesses (Carney, 2006). Businesses prefer the government eliminate regulates and government watchdogs so they can continue to operation in a fashion that would increase their profits. Most business leaders believe the government is excessively involvement with how businesses operate. A poll taken in 2005, found 90% of Americans believed that large businesses had great influence over the government. The CEO’s of large corporations are able to have personal meetings with senators and cabinet secretaries to discuss their position and influence their decision-making (Carney, 2006). Since the Obama Administration, the government is interacting directly with businesses to ensure that they are being fiscally responsible so as not to negatively impact the American citizens. President Obama had to intervene on behalf of Wall Street, automotive companies and the banking industry by means of stimulus package to avoid an economic depression for the country. Both businesses and the government need to work together to ensure the citizens receive the greatest protection in all issues, to include health and safety, defense, economics and environmental protection. The relationship between government and business is crucial and critical if American is to remain successful. Government will have to lay aside its bipar... ...cles/cpr28n4-1.html Federal Trade Commission, (n.d.). Protecting America’s consumers. Retrieved from http:// www.ftc.gov/bcp/menus/consumer/data/idt.shtm Goodell, J. (2010). As the World Burns. Rolling Stone, 1096, 30-45, 62. http://search.proquest. com.libproxy.edmc.edu/docview/220179270?accountid=34899 Machan,T. (1988). Government regulation of business: The moral arguments. The Freeman,38 (7). Retrieved from http://www.thefreemanonline.org/columns/government-regulation-of -business-the-moral-arguments/ Milkin Institute Global Conference (2009). The new relationship between government and business. Retrieved from http://www.milkeninstitute.org/events/gcprogram.taf?function= detail&EvID=1957&eventid=gc09 National Center for Smart Growth Research and Education. (2008). Retrieved from http://www. indicatorproject.com/preservation2009/index.html

Globalization & world Essay

In general terms, globalization refers to the economical, cultural and societal changes, which are experienced in the whole world as a result of integrated and common trade, transport and communication network systems. The whole issue of globalization is complex with potential debates on its causes and effects ranging from technological to social- cultural and political factors. Although globalization has been associated with many positive impacts to the society and the world at large, the negative consequences cannot be ignored because of their far reaching effects to the people in the world. This paper seeks to discuss the health problems caused by globalization. It also gives some of the solutions to this problem. As the whole world is increasingly becoming interconnected, human health is becoming more complex. For instance, globalization has changed the lifestyle of people. It can be appreciated that modern behavioral changes such as the smoking, unhealthy diet, lack of physical activities and increasingly high use of illegal drugs, which are factors attributed to globalization, are risking human health and hence increasing the chances of low lifespan (Guindon, & Pang, 2004). Globalization has also resulted to the outbreak and spread of infectious diseases. This is evidenced in the recent out break of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and its rapid spread in the modern world hence imposing a risk of global pandemic (Guindon, & Pang, 2004). Further to this, the enhanced global movements of goods and people have contributed amicably to the spread of diseases. For example, the advancement of canned food production, trade and increasingly high consumption has facilitated the spread of food born diseases. Behavioral changes associated with global worming such as sexual immoralities (increased sex tourism) in the modern society have contributed to the spread of HIV and AIDS which has been declared as a global epidemic (Huynen, et al 2005). In addition to this, modern society is experiencing high teenage pregnancies which results to health complications. One of the solutions to the negative impacts of globalization to health is by promoting health education in the society. Education will empower people to understand the effects of different lifestyles, which include foods consumed. (Wamala & Kawachi 2007). Further to this, the society should discourage unhealthy behaviors through appropriate legislation and public awareness. In conclusion therefore, globalization has far reaching effects to health which should be addressed at international levels for the common good of all people in the world. ? Bibliography Guindon, E, & Pang, T 2004, Globalization and risks to health, viewed 21 August 2010, Huynen, et al, 2005, Globalization and Health, viewed 21 August 2010, Wamala, S, & Kawachi, I 2007, Globalization and Health, Oxford University Press, New York.

Crime & Punishment in America essays

Crime & Punishment in America essays After reading and discussing the required books for this class, a multitude of issues concerning the deficiencies of our criminal justice system have been presented. Prison overcrowding, the overrepresentation of minorities, and the efficiency of our prisons have created ongoing debates. Currie, like previous authors, exemplifies these problems among the pages yet offers more coherent explanations and draws more realistic conclusions regarding these matters. In Crime I believe that Currie does a superior task at assessing the prison experiment than past authors. He notes that although there has been an overall reduction in crime, examiners must be aware that this leveling-off has succeeded extremely high crime rates. Moreover, his caution to not relate decreasing crime rates with the incarceration rates is a common oversight in our society. What is also ignored is that violence has risen dramatically, especially among the poor and young. So in reality, deterrence, rehabilitation and incapacitation have had marginal, or no effect, on crime as discussed in class. That leads us to assume that our exuberant crime rates are due to an increase in crime and harsher policies. It is challenging to understand the significance of data without making a qualified comparison. In this case, we turn to using the rates of other industrialized countries to provide us with a frame of reference. However, there are always cautions in doing so. For example, Brandon argued that Curries examination of statistics from the United States and Russia was not reasonable; being that the latte...

buy custom Don’t Put Sex into a Cage essay

buy custom Don’t Put Sex into a Cage essay The only way to stop this trafficking in and profiting from the use of women's bodies is for prostitution to be legalized. Legalization will open it up to regulation; and regulation means safety. Jeannette Angell, Callgirl. According to a report from the London Metropolitan Police, Smith, a local sex worker, was robbed, sexually assaulted, and a blunt object inserted into her vagina on 3 April 1888. Her peritoneum ruptured, leading to the development of peritonitis. She died the next day at a London Hospital. Smiths murder was one of a series of killings targeting prostitutes near Whitechapel. The police blamed one Jack the Ripper for these gruesome murders. Jacks rule of thumb seemed simple: To murder, go for prostitutes; No one cares about them. He knew how to conduct his business, for he was never caught (London Metropolitan Police). As long as prostitution remains covert, Jack will never be caught. In fact, the 21st century has many Jack the Rippers riding on the illegal tag. Sex workers have a right to protection. To offer this protection, the government should legalize sex work now. Reduce Harm to the Sex-worker The government should legalize sex work in order to reduce harm to the sex worker. Legalization will enable the development and adaptation of laws governing the trade. Such laws will safeguard the fundamental rights of sex workers. Brewer et al. note that killing and harming of sex workers has occurred since time immemorial (42). Psychopaths and other criminals have always found easy prey in sex workers. The covertness of sex work propagates these criminal activities. If the government legalizes sex work, there may be adoption of measures to guard the life and dignity of sex workers. Such measures may involve specification of time, places, age, and fees among other things, which will ward off potential criminal activity. The governments should not continue to ignore the predicament of sex workers who are mostly innocent people seeking to earn a living; this amounts to discrimination against its citizens (Law 584). Just as Article 23 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights asserts, every person should be guaranteed justice and protection, not condemnation to a lifetime of fear and disrespect. Furthermore, every citizen should be guaranteed his/ her fundamental rights, such as the right to free choice of employment. Legalizing sex work will translate it into a safer society, as criminal activities involving the underworld of prostitution will be minimal. Sale of drugs, theft, pedophilia, and conspiracy in major criminal networks will significantly reduce by mainstreaming sex work. On the other hand, sex customers will shun from rape, sexual assault, and performing other dehumanizing acts to sex workers. Just as Michael, Gagnon, Laumann, and Kolata note, these actions will significantly reduce by legalizing sex work (37). The community at large has at times discriminated against prostitutes through prejudice and malice. Instances of mob violence towards prostitutes are common especially in conservative societies. Legalizing sex work will save the society from these evils, as the practice will now be mainstreamed leading to the realization of the right to nondiscrimination and respect as envisaged in Article 7 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Working in the sex industry can reduce the harm caused by poverty. Poverty has resulted to escalating levels of crime in the society. Keire argues that legalizing sex work will offer an alternative means of employment to the poor and destitute (50). Sex work will enhance a safe society, as potential criminals will get an alternative source of income. Reducing the Spread of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Legalizing sex work will reduce the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS. The government may put in place mandatory healthcare regulations to be observed before one is certified as a sex worker. Such regulations may consist of screening for sexually transmitted and other contagious diseases. Sex customers may also be bound by government regulations to undergo screening or to use condoms before indulging in sex. This is not achievable if sex work is not legalized. Thus, legalization of sex work will allow for the adoption of stringent government healthcare regulations; this is critical in reducing the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS. Prostitution might be the globe's oldest line of work, and thus laws barring prostitution could as well be the oldest case of government regulating sex and perpetuating sex discrimination. In a liberated society, these kinds of laws are improper since they infringe on the fundamental rights and freedoms of persons concerned. Study shows that more than a million women in the US earn a living through prostitution (Shannon, Kerr, Allinott, et al, 911). In addition, approximately one out of six American men is has been a willing customer of a prostitute in the past half a decade (Lutnick, 59). Even more disturbing is that sexual intercourse with a prostitute is the 3rd most widespread mode for an American man to catch the AIDS virus. Ironically, the increasing risk of AIDS as well as other STDs is among the most persuasive case for full legalization of the oldest profession. Up to date data show that 50% of prostitutes in New York as well as Washington, D.C., have AIDS virus (Lutnick, 60 ) while in Newark in New Jersey, the estimation of prostitutes with AIDS is almost 60% (Lutnick, 60). Nonetheless, in Nevada, where prostitution is lawful, very few state-certified prostitutes ever test positive for HIV. Nevada's accredited bordellos necessitate monthly testing of blood though such safety measures are likely to happen where there is no state regulation. The motive is fiscal: the bordellos are in competition and they have strong spur to guarantee that the service that their clients get is harmless. Evidently, AIDS prevalence would be cut down by the legalization of prostitution. Source of Revenue and A Way to Cut Cost For the Government Legalizing sex work can serve as an important source of revenue for the government. McCall estimates that over one million people in the United States of America have at one time worked as prostitutes (70). If the trade was legal, the government could impose a tax on bothsex workers and their clients. This could earn the government billions in revenue each year, money that can improve the healthcare system of the citizenry, and thus, help fight sexual transmitted diseases. In addition, lending this money to poor countries could help fight HIV/AIDS and other sexual transmitted diseases. In addition, just like the much-publicized fight against drug abuse, the fight against prostitution is just a fight that is being fought using tax dollars instead of common sense and logic. For instance, it is approximated that one in ten police officers are on duty watching out on vice-linked actions (Burnette, Lucas, Ilgen, Frayne, Mayo, Weitlauf, 337). It is estimated that as many as 50% of a representative metropolitan jail female inmates are prostitutes (Burnette, Lucas, Ilgen, Frayne, Mayo, Weitlauf, 338). The city of LA, for instance, uses approximately a hundred million dollars yearly tackling the issue of unlawful prostitution (Burnette, Lucas, Ilgen, Frayne, Mayo, Weitlauf, 337). The actual cost, obviously, is that these tax dollars could have been put into better use such as protecting the good and honest citizens in LA from actual criminals. Sadly, just like the fight against drugs, the fight against prostitution is ineffective and perpetually predestined to fail. It is i mpossible to effectively shut down a market between eager buyers and willing sellers. The most severe local harassment can influence where prostitutes operate though it cannot end prostitution in total. The Democratic Freedom of Choice Governments should endeavor to uplift the freedoms guaranteed by democracy. In a democracy, the freedom of choice is a major tenet. That is why, for example, gay rights continue to be accepted and safeguarded in many democracies in the world. This arises from the fact that every person has the freedom to do whatever he or she wants, provided it does not harm other people. Prostitution is no different here. Phoenix posits that as long as sex is done consensually (of course taking the question of age of consent in mind); no one has the right to stop it (17). The state does not possess the right to decide on the sex partner one should have, provided the age question is taken into account. One has the right to take a man/ woman out, buy dinner and drinks, and go on to have sex consensually. Why does it seem illegal when instead of the outing cash is exchanged upfront? Many constitutions of democratic nations safeguard the right to choice. In addition, Article 23 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights guarantees all citizens the same right to choice (Lim 114). This is saying that a democratic society has no business debating the legality or illegality of prostitution. It should simply uphold the fundamental right of choice. It is also ironical that illegalizing prostitution has made the practice thrive even more. Certainly, the most significant argument for the decriminalization of prostitution is that such proscriptions infringes on one's most fundamental as well as innate rights. Prostitution is the deliberate or willful sale or renting of a service. Persons are the owner of their bodies as well as their labor services. As such, individuals have the unconditional right to choose how their labor services will be utilized. If the prostitution deal remains a free personal choice, there is no good reason for legislative hindrance. In fact, such meddling amounts to a violation of the privacy as well as personal rights of the persons concerned. The government, however, still has a justifiable part to play in the prostitution. Just like in other markets, the government must make sure that all transactions are strictly voluntary. Simply, the government should just defend personal rights to own property and the right not to be compelled. Sending the Wrong Message to the Youth? An argument has is that legalizing sex work sends the wrong messages to young people as their understanding of sexual matters will be undermined. Campbell says that young people will find it easy to indulge in sex without caring about the consequences (20). The basis of this argument is moral and is only valid in case of a lack of solution to it. We can counter argue that legalizing sex work will also come with strict regulations of the trade. This may involve restricting transactions of sex work to people aged under the age of 18 and above. Imposing strong penalties for those found breaking these rules would discourage other people from attempting to lure or indulge underage youth in sex work. Undermining Marriage? Castillo Jenkins argues that legalizing sex work will undermine the marriage institution (34). A quick rejoinder to this argument is acknowledging that sex workers do not have the right to force or request sex customers to do anything about their marriages. Just as Kotulski observes, the sex customer goes to the sex worker voluntarily, and the deal is sealed after payment and the services being rendered (25). No business concerning marriage and life is a part of the contract. In addition, the husbands/wives of sex customers will have a chance to confront sex workers and ask for explanations; sex work will no longer be a covert trade. This will make everybody feel secure. In fact, husbands and wives will desist from having long lasting affairs, as the services will be easily available. This has the advantage of improving marriages and decreasing the rates of divorces. Spreading of Sexually Transmitted Diseases? Campbell has claimed that legalizing sex work will increase transmission of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases (21). This proposition may not hold water as adopting strict rules and regulations may ensure safety of all the parties involved. Potterat, Woodhouse, Muth Muth suggests routine health screenings and compulsory use of condoms among other things to make sex work disease free (25). For example, testing kits may be availed in shops and brothels and people be asked to use them whenever indulging in sex work. Another approach would be establishing special clinics to offer guidance and counseling services to prostitutes and their clients. This as a whole will go a long way in reducing the spread HIV/AIDS and other sexual transmitted diseases. Improving Neighborhoods and Enhancing Safety By driving prostitution out of areas whhere it is more likely to be naturally based, for instance, in brothels and around motels, the law enforcement push prostitution into the neighborhoods where it would not have existed. consequently, people living in the neighborhoods involuntarily become exposed to prostitution. In addition, since the sex workers are forced into the streets in the neighborhoods, the risks to numerous prostitutes significantly increase. Since the trade of prostitutes entails working at nighttime and being in vehicles with total strangers, prostitutes have been easy target for serial murderers as well as other sociopaths (Wolfers, 1). A reasonable resolution to these issues can be to copy the example set by a number of European cities, in which prostitution is permitted in some selected regions. Individuals that have interest in prostitution can thus visit places where it is allowed thus leaving the neighborhoods that do not want to be linked with prostitution. In addition, commercial sex workers will be able to operate in an environment in which they are much safer. Reducing Crime An issue with illegalized prostitution is that the ensuing causes long-term rises in crime along with drug abuse. When a woman faces charges of a sex crime, she is permanently stigmatized and this renders her unemployable. This attached stigma explains why most women in jails were at first incarcerated for prostitution (Thukral, 129). The record of arrest shuts out regular job attainment potential, ensures the women remain in prostitution for extended times than they would have wanted, and guarantees them a life of participation in drug abuse as well as crime. The fact that prostitution unlawful contributes to criminal activities since numerous criminals see prostitutes along with their clients as easy targets for theft, cons, sexual assault, or other unlawful deeds. The criminals understand that these individuals are not likely to report the offenses to the law enforcers since the victims would require confessing their involvement in the prohibited activities of prostitution at the time when the attacks happened. If prostitution were lawful, the prostitutes and their clients would be more willing to report crimes that are committed while in their activities. This would considerably increase the prospects of reducing crime and stopping criminals from picking on people. Benefiting Prostitutes and their Clients Numerous individuals work in the sex business since they view the industry as the only way they can alleviate deep monetary issues. In other cases, some sex workers are not deprived, but merely take pleasure in that kind of work and obtain both revenue and individual fulfillment from the sex trade (Barry 84). There is no ground on which freedom is supposed to exclude the right to buy the company by the client, as well as sex that they perhaps desire; However, for whichever reason, cannot get in other facets of their lives. In addition, it is argued that commercial sex workers, who have appropriate training, are able to help their clients to prevail over erotic phobia as well as other different sexual dysfunctions. According to this argument, the association with a paid expert for a client might be the correspondent of therapy. Not many people expect the uninformed or mean, can posit that commercial sex workers ought not to be allowed to assist such individuals. The Way Forward and Conclusion The world should change its attitude towards sex work. Stigmatizing and discriminating prostitutes is against the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Constitution, and a majority of the tenets of democracy. Illegalizing prostitution has not helped stop sex work, but enabled it to thrive under miserable circumstances. Why should we condemn our brothers and sisters to a lifetime of fear and disrespect? Is the law illegalizing prostitution supported by rational facts, or is it guided by wanton ignorance? A society that is blind to the injustices done to some of its members is barbaric and not civilized. Let us choose civilization to barbarism. Let us legalize sex work. The ethical as well as financial case for the decriminalization of prostitution is overpowering. The government proscription, as well as regulation are a blatant violation of the rights of the citizens and are too costly financially. Thus, America's viewpoints along with approaches concerning this subject of prostitution have to be submitted to an instantaneous and sweeping change. The point to throw out the nation's out-of-date endeavors to legislate matters of individual morality is now. The time to come to face the truth in addition to to implementing this change in policy that can really have a constructive difference in the sex industry is now. The moment in time has arrived for the United States to legalize of prostitution. The labeling of prostitution as an extraordinary human rights problem, an infringement in itself, highlights the difference between the sex industry and other types of womanly and low-rank labor, regardless of how unfair they are. It therefore strengthens the subsidiary, and hence susceptible, situation the women as well as men drawn in in prostitution find themselves in. By judging the full prostitution business as abusive, it as well makes the vague the real issues as well as infringements of worldwide standards in the business that worries the sex workers (Walker, 8). Therefore, anything other than a legal standing for sex workers cause marginalization along with maltreatment. It is important to note that even in most of the nations in which prostitution is not prohibited, commercial sex workers are not able to have the least fundamental principles that other workers have attained as far as the work environment or their individual security is concerned. This means that the law enf orcers often do not do anything to aid the considerable marginal amongst sex workers who actually are in slavery. Shifting away from the academic exercise, the practical effect of the legalization of the oldest profession would be nothing but advantages for the prostitutes as well as the society in general. The element of order in the society can be tackled, as it ought to be, on a personal instead of a general level. Sex workers would not have to operate from hide outs. They would be safer and gain access to decent workstations. Prostitutes would be assured admittance to health amenities, which they are frequently deprived of them owing to their profession. Buy custom Don’t Put Sex into a Cage essay

Gustav Mahler Biography and Professional Activity Essay

Gustav Mahler Biography and Professional Activity - Essay Example Mahler entered the Vienne’s Conservatory. Mahler also entered Vienne’s University, studying philosophy and literature. At the Conservatory, he became friends with the future composer Hugo Wolf. Mahler graduated from the Conservatory but failed to achieve the prestigious silver medal The family of the Composer was very poor. His father Gustav Bernhard Mahler was a traveling salesman, who sold alcoholic beverages, sugar, and household products. His mother came from a family of a small manufacturer, producing soap. Gustav was the second of 14 children. Shortly after the birth of Gustav, his family moved to the small industrial town of Jihlava - an island of German culture in South Moravia, where Bernhard Mahler started a tavern. Here, the future composer felt passionately in love with folk dances and songs of the peoples of Austrian Empire: Austrian, German, Hebrew, Czech, Hungarian, Gypsy, Slovak, and so on. All those sounds later became the part of his musical palette. I n 6 years, Gustav began his studies on the piano, and in 10, he gave his first public concert in Jihlava.Despite the regular instruments, such as piano and violin, Mahler used to apply unusual instruments to create his symphonies. For instance, some of his compositions include tenor horn, guitar, mandolin and even cowbell. One can notice a lot of percussions is Mahler’s symphonies, which is quite a distinguishing feature comparing to other musicians of that time. Gustav Mahler was one of the greatest symphonic composers.

Unit 4 DOMESTIC VIOLENCE Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unit 4 DOMESTIC VIOLENCE - Research Paper Example These accomplishments mean that nothing is impossible and everyone has a right and the law can protect them from being harmed as long as the victim reports the battery and violence (Janovicek, 2011). The integration of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transsexual (LGBT) individuals into the U.S. military is a long-standing and politically and socially divisive issue. Why do you believe there is so much controversy surrounding this issue? Provide examples to support your discussion. People do not believe that an LGBT soldier is as effective in the combatant field as a heterosexual soldier. The controversy is being based on myths and information that is not factual. People who are yet to openly accept any LGBT are still the ones with problems of them serving in the army. Closeted LGBTs still served in the army without any hindrance of duty until they came out openly and that is when they were regarded as being incompetent soldiers (McDonald and Parks, 2013). People have to look at research facts and carry out more research on the LGBT soldiers in their army. They are no less competent that heterosexual ones and others are even better and have made high ranks (Kingston, 2012). The same way heterosexual soldiers exercise restraint of their sexuality in active duty even with having opposite sex soldiers is the same way the LGBTs exercise restraint. No rape cases by LGBT have been reported in the military and this should be the guiding point to end the

Xerox Corporation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Xerox Corporation - Assignment Example   Local Area Network (LAN) is a computer network typically for an office or building. It is important in sharing information and data storage. This network can be built with low-priced hardware such as hubs, network adapters and Ethernet cables. It can depend on the wired connection for security, speed and for wireless connections. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) entails network of an entire city. It is larger than a LAN. It is used to connect several LANs to create a bigger network. Since it is mainly used on the campus, it is also referred to as a Campus Area Network. Wide Area Network (WAN) is a geographically dispersed telecommunications network over long distances. It entails several LANs and WANs. They are built using leased lines despite them being expensive. But for a lesser cost, one can use packet and circuit switching methods.The network may enable individuals to chat via email and transfer data over the network. It is different from other systems because it can be contr olled by an individual. Moreover, LAN has limited distance to move, few transmissions errors, a high-speed interface, high reliability and ability to handle data traffic. Additionally, the maintenance cost is reasonable and it uses technologies such as Ethernet and token ring. A good example is a network in an office building can be a LAN. The network can be used to share information and communication purposes. The network is significant in that it covers a larger geographical area and transfers data at a medium speed depending on the cables.

The Mechanicals play Essay Example for Free

The Mechanicals play Essay The Mechanicals play is full of devices which show how incompetent they are as actors. How would you direct the play of Pyramus and Thisbe to bring out the comedy? The Pyramus and Thisbe play is classed as a tragedy but despite this the Mechanicals make it a comedy through their incompetence as actors. As a director I would bring out the comedy by exploring: casting, voices, body, costume, props, movement and blocking. I would choose to put the play on at the Globe theatre because that way the audience could appreciate the words and acting of the play rather than be dazzled by fancy lighting and sound. I would have the people of the court lying down at the edges of the stage so that they are still there but not detracting attention away from the Mechanicals. Quince starts the play with the prologue, lines 108 152. I would cast Quince as a tall, slender man with posh English accent so that he can project his voice out over the court. He would be tall because the play is like his baby, he wrote it and directed it and by being taller than the other Mechanicals he is almost like a father, as fathers are taller than their children when they are young. As Quince speaks I would have him with a fairly neutral expression on his face so that he can introduce each actor in the same way. I would have him in a dark suit with a white shirt and black bow tie almost as though he is a master of ceremonies. As he introduces each actor they should stand forward and bow in an exaggerated manner, Thisbe should curtsey, this is to set the over the top acting style for the rest of the play. Pyramus, who is supposed to be a tall, handsome, hero, would be funny played by a short, balding, fat man with a very camp voice. I would have him in clothes of the period and place, i. e. Athens, similar to those of a king or prince. Thisbe, who is supposed to be a beauteous lady would be funny played by a man in drag, wearing a long flowing dress of the period and place with wig to go with and a scarf and she would have a cockney accent. The wall should wear a sheet with a wall painted on, with a white shirt and trousers underneath, he should have one arm stretched out with the sheet attached and the other bent round with his hand on his hip and a brick in the hole that his arm makes with his body. He should have a Liverpudlian accent so that he seems gossipy, meaning that walls have ears and so hear a lot of gossip and want to spread it around. Moonshine should have a London accent and should wear a white shirt and white trousers to give the impression of shining. He should seem thoroughly bored with the whole production because he doesnt have a very large part. He should have a light bulb to hold to represent the moon, a cuddly toy dog on a lead for the dog and a small bonsai tree to represent the bush. The lion should be very timid to be funny because lions are stereotypically ferocious beasts. He should wear an orangey brown furry all in one with a tail and hairy fur around the head. All the actors should be barefoot to add to their incompetence and show that they are the working classes, i. e. too poor to afford good shoes. At this point in the play, because the people of the court are talking amongst themselves rather than to the actors, the actors would ignore their comments. The wall starts to speak and he should stand across the stage, not facing the front but just turning his head, with his arms in place as before and when he says that had a crannied hole or chink he should remove the brick and slowly wave it above his head so that the whole audience can see it before placing it on the floor, this should be done in a very exaggerated manner. When Pyramus speaks he should do very exaggerated, over the top, arm movements as though he was reaching for something. When Pyramus says show me thy chink, to blink through with mine eyes the wall should point furiously to the hole made by his arm bent round. Then when Theseus interrupts, Bottom should talk to Theseus in a conspiratorial manner when he explains that deceiving me is Thisbes cue to enter. Thisbe enters form the right, seemingly quite bored because he has to play the part of a woman, stands the other side of the wall to Pyramus, puts her hands on her hips and speaks her lines. Then Thisbe exits on the right and Pyramus on he left. The wall then speaks again but this time in a conspiratorial manner to Theseus. The wall then picks up the brick and exits on the left. The people of the court talk together about the play so far, they should be laughing and joking. The lion enters from the right and timidly speaks his lines with his hands up by his face like paws. He then goes to the back of the stage and squats down and stays there. Moonshine, having entered from the left at the same time as the lion and stood at the back of the stage, comes forward and starts to speak, holding up the light bulb as he does so. Theseus interrupts and so moonshine should look upon him with disbelief, annoyance and that they could have the audacity to interrupt him, this happens again. The third time moonshine says his lines angrily and holds up each prop as he speaks about it, he points at himself for the man in the moon. Thisbe enters form the right and looks around, she says her line with no real feeling; the lion roars very quietly and the people of the court joke about his timid roar as he chases Thisbe off stage left, she drops her scarf when shes chased away. Bottom then comes on stage from the right and speaks his lines whilst doing extremely exaggerated arm movements up towards the moon, he should also exaggerate the irony of the words he speaks on line 256 sweet moon, I thank thee for thy sunny beams. He should then catch sight of her scarf, rush over and fall on his knees by it. He then picks it up and says his lines (265 270), he should be very upset and somewhat angry when speaking these lines, made comical by the camp tone in his voice. He then takes out his wooden sword, when he says out sword, and wound on line 280 and stabs himself with it because he is so overcome with grief at the thought that hes lost Thisbe. He then gets up on to his feet and walks about the stage from side to side, swaying as though he was drunk; moonshine leaves the stage form the left when Pyramus says moon, take thy flight on line 289. Then on line 290, Pyramus falls to his knees and keels over, facing the audience at the front, whilst saying his last line. The play is nearly finished at this point and the people of the court talk amongst themselves and say how they are beginning to get bored of the play. Then Thisbe enters from the right and looks around, she sees Pyramus and goes to kneel behind him; she peers over him to look at his face, seemingly upset, she speaks her lines with her face pointing upwards with one hand on Pyramus side. As she speaks she should shuffle around Pyramus, on her knees, until she is by his knees, then at line 325 come, trusty sword she should reach over for the sword and stab herself. She should then keel over in the opposite direction so that they are top-to-tail, both facing the audience. After Demetrius says hi line, the actors playing Pyramus and Thisbe, i. e. Bottom and Flute, get up and ask the people of the court if they would like to hear the epilogue. Theseus is very quick to say no as all the people have had enough of the play and are bored with it. At this point all the Mechanicals enter, half from the left, half from the right, and they bow, Thisbe should curtsey. Throughout reading this it is vital to remember that the characters accents will play a very big part in bringing out the comedy of the play. In conclusion, despite the fact that the play of Pyramus and Thisbe is a tragedy it is appropriate to put it on as a comedy so that it ties in with the rest of A Midsummer Nights Dream, which is also a comedy. The Mechanicals incompetent acting makes the play of Pyramus and Thisbe comical and as director I would have brought out the comedy by considering: casting, voice, body, costume, props, movement and blocking; movement and voice in particular because by exaggerating all the movements the Mechanicals as actors would seem incompetent, thus bringing out the comedy in the play, and by giving all the Mechanicals a different accent or tone of voice that was very inappropriate for that character, for example, Pyramus with his camp voice, would also bring out the comedy in the play of Pyramus and Thisbe.